40 MILES: BURUNDIAN DRUMS

Karyenda, the traditional African Drum, are historically an important part of Burundi’s heritage, and are transmitted from one generation to the next. The drums are made from hollowed tree trunks covered with animal skins. They were symbols of power during the monarchy and were beaten for special events to legitimate the king’s power. The drums were normally kept in drum sanctuaries. These were a tight network of high places, as well as centers of political and religious power. A sacred drum was enthroned in each sanctuary and guarded by attendants.

When Burundi gained independence from Belgium in 1962 and established a monarchy, the karyenda was the symbol on the national flag and its coat of arms until 1966, when the monarchy fell.  Between those years, the monarchy itself was symbolized by the drum Ingoma y’Uburundi – literally, the ‘Kingdom of Burundi’.

The drums, despite many upheavals, have remained popular and are still revered. The old families who were wardens of the drums have fought to keep the ancient traditions alive and thus the ‘royal ritualistic drum dance’ has become the most prominent aspect of Burundian culture. The Royal Drummers of Burundi, commonly known as the ‘The Drummers of Burundi’, now perform in ceremonies including births, funerals, and weddings.

The performance of the Royal Drummers has been the same for centuries, and their techniques and traditions are passed down from father to son. The members of the ensemble take turns playing, dancing, resting, and playing the other drums, rotating throughout the show without interruptions. At the start of their performance, the drummers enter balancing the heavy drums on their heads and singing and playing. They then perform a series of rhythms, some accompanied by song, and exit the stage the same way, carrying the drums on their heads and playing. Drums progressively became a way for Burundians to display pride in belonging to Burundi as a nation.

For more about the Burundian drummers, check out our blog. Or for a fun family project, make your own drum!